Timeline of increasing criminalization of homelessness in the US/Canada, 2022-2024: Frigid cold, blazing heat, 'mass encampments,' and the Grants Pass case

(Originally posted elsewhere 9 May 2024. Updated late June 2024.)

The Supreme Court's "biggest decision on homelessness in decades" is the fruit of several years'-worth of efforts like this.

Some updates from the past twelve-ish months:

-- Late 2022: Portland and its mayor (Wheeler) started a major push to ban “street camping”. Headlines in major media outlets also described “Portland’s first sanctioned mass homeless camp” (Portland Mercury, 9 March 2023) and how “Portland moves forward with $27 million plan to build mass shelters” (Oregon Public Broadcasting, 17 November 2022). In December 2022, Portland-area authorities used the so-called “aggressive landscaping” tactic, installing hundreds of hostile architecture boulders to prevent sitting/sleeping. Also in December, homeless advocates and Disability Rights Washington advocates attempted to halt Spokane’s (Washington) clearing of a major camp for hundreds of people, and a federal judge sided with advocates to put a temporary restraining order on the sweep.

-- January 2023: Even in the immediate aftermath of historic cold as far south as Miami and Monterrey, sub-freezing temperatures across the Deep South, and sub-zero-Fahrenheit blizzards sweeping North America for a week or longer around Solstice/Christmas 2022, convenience stores “in Texas, California, New York use classical music to shoo homeless” (New York Post, 15 January 2023).

-- By March 2023: “Portland Mayor Wheeler unveils first location for city-run homeless camp”.

-- April 2023: San Francisco and Mayor Breed announce a major “five-year plan” costing over 600 million dollars “to cut the number of unsheltered homeless in half”. (Not a plan to put people in homes or find stable housing, but just to technically put them under the roof of shelter, keeping them out of sight, therefore qualifying them for the strange designation of “the sheltered homeless”.) At the same time, San Francisco opened a “long-term homeless shelter on Treasure Island”, pushing homeless people onto an isolated island mostly composed of concrete and asphalt.

-- Summer 2023: In May, the city of Phoenix (Arizona) began its project to clear and eliminate its largest homeless camp, known as the Zone, a refuge for hundreds of people. During the record-breaking heat of the summer of 2023, Phoenix cleared the camp systematically, block by block. At the beginning of September 2023, as “Phoenix breaks heat record as city hits 110F [110 degrees Fahrenheit] for the 54th consecutive day”, the city cleared the block of the camp where most seniors and the elderly lived.

-- January 2024: About one week ahead of winter holidays (Solstice/Christmas), the City of Edmonton pursued plans to sweep 130 homeless encampments as part of what has been described as a “shocking” eviction plan. In January, the city was clearing camps amidst sustained deadly severe weather, during a polar vortex event with temperatures of negative 50 degrees Fahrenheit and daytime highs of negative 25F. When a court case presented by Coalition for Justice and Human Rights tried to slow the sweeps, a judge sided with them and shut down the evictions.

-- March 2024: Florida’s governor signs a new law. NPR describes: “law that seeks to move unhoused people off public property altogether and into government-run encampments”.

-- April 2024: The U.S. Supreme Court begins hearing a case from Grants Pass (Oregon) with major implications and potential to incite nationwide “banishment race” and “homelessness crackdown”. Lower courts have previously said that city policies (like Grants Pass, Boise, and others) were “cruel and unusual” for fining and/or jailing people for sleeping on public land if no adequate accessible shelter is available. But now?

-- Update from June 2024: NPR notes that, "[i]n its biggest decision on homelessness in decades, the U.S. Supreme Court today ruled that cities can ban people from sleeping and camping in public places." They sided with Grants Pass.